Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Stages:
| Pain | 2-9 months |
| Pain and Stiffness | 4-12 months |
| Stiffness | 5-26 months |
Therapeutic Options:
- None – supervised neglect
- Manipulation / Physiotherapy
- Intraarticular corticosteroid
- Hydrodilation
- Suprascapular nerve block
- MUA (Manipulation Under Anaesthesia)
- Surgical division GHL / Axillary capsule
Radiography
Usually normal. Obtained to exclude OA as this can also cause global restriction of movement.
MRI
MRI Findings:
- Normal (early stages)
- Thickened capsule axillary recess
- Thickening around CHL (Coracohumeral Ligament)
Ultrasound
Ultrasound Findings:
- Normal (early stages)
- Thickening around CHL
- Doppler activity